Elongation index is the percentage by weight of particles in it, whose largest dimension i. Introduction the modal birefringence of optical fiber is an important parameter for both the polarizationdependent optical devices using high birefringence fibers 1 and the optical fiber telecommunication systems using low birefringence fibers 2. Characterisation of the mechanical properties of mems devices using nanoscale techniques nicholas x. The elongation index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest. Transportation engineering experiments civil engineers pk. Thermal conductivity probes for planetary applications 55. Elongation index and flakiness index of coarse aggregate. Thickness gauge flakiness index is a slotted stainless steel gauge for rapid hand trying of particles from the seven sieve fractions to determine the flakiness index. The aggregate to be classified is separated into six sieve fractions from 6. Conclusion based on the objective for this experiment is to identify the flakiness and elongation index of the given aggregrate samples, we indentified the flakiness and elongation is not influenced each other.
Elongation index test on coarse aggreagtes the constructor. Flakiness index and elongation index of coarse aggregates. Pdf normal strength concrete mix design technical report. Simulation study of nucleation barriers using the ghost field method alexander v. Specific gravity and water absorption of fine aggregate by pycnometer duration. Determination of materials finer than 75micron, determination of flakiness index, determination of elongation index, and determination of angularity number. Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, part i. Elongation index and flakiness index of coarse aggregate bs 812 part. Kunkel, pts laboratories abstract determining free product mobility of notaqueous phase liquids napls and residual saturation is. T 39 the above result of elongation index is less than 30%, hence satisfactory.
Determinations for the flakiness index and flakiness and elongation of aggregate use a british standard classification system consisting of a thickness gauge for determining flakiness index and a metal length gauge for determining elongation index. Definition of flakiness index and elongation index civil. Model has six stainless steel pins set in a brushed aluminum base. Six labeled openings between pairs of the pins are used in determining the length of particles from each of the sieve fractions tested under 50mm. The elongation index is found by separating the elongation particles and expressing their mess as a percentage of the mass of sample tested. The test is not applicable to material passing a 6. Backarc opening and the mode of subduction seiya uyeda earthquake research institute, university of tokyo, tokyo, japan hiroo k anamori seismological laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125 trencharc systems subduction zones can be classified into two types depending on whether or not. Additionally, flat and elongated particles of aggregate, for some construction uses, may interfere with. What is the use of the elongation and flakiness index. Modeling and predicting drug pharmacokinetics in patients.
The elongation index is found by separating the elongation particles and expressing their mess as a. Determining flakiness index step action 1 obtain a representative sample of processed aggregates according to test method tex221f, sampling aggregate for bituminous mixtures, surface treatments, and limestone rock asphalt. The flakiness and elongation rocks are not suitable for road construction because this type of rocks will make the road surface not balance and easy to damage. The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongated particles contained in it. Quarter the aggregate sample to obtain a minimum of 200 particles passing the 78in. The flakiness index is the weight of flaky particles as a % of the sample weight. It is important that the flakiness and elongation of the aggregate are contained to within permissible levels. This proceedings is a collection of papers presented at the 1st aiks conference on korean studies. Flat and elongated particles of coarse aggregates have a tendency to fracture more easily than other aggregate particles. Exp 1 flakiness and elongation index civil engineers pk.
Flakiness index test is not applicable for aggregates sizes smaller than 6. Flakiness index and elongation index of coarse aggregates free download as word doc. Elongation index length gauge for aggregate classification gilson. This work aims at establishing the same quantitatively. Elongation index and flakiness index of coarse aggregate bs 812. Mri, ct, nuclear medicine and ultrasound in clinical practice. Definition the flakiness index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles whose least dimension thickness is less than 0. Elongation index length gauge for aggregate classification. The percentage by weight of flaky particles present in a given test sample. The dried aggregates sample is allowed to passing and retained on a set of sieve. The particle is considered as elongated if its length is more than 1. Aggregates which are flaky and elongated are detrimental to the higher.
Characterisation of the mechanical properties of mems devices. For crushed aggregate, the particle shape and surface texture depend on the nature of the parent material and on the type of crusher and its reduction ratio. Flakiness index is the percentage by weight of particles in it, whose least dimension i. Finally, you can have numerical sum of flakiness index and elongation index to get combined f. Aggregate quality for road construction will also influence the road performance. This paper shows the network management and operation to monitor landslide disaster at slop of mountain and hill. The flakiness index of aggregates is the percentage by weight of particles whose least dimension thickness is less than three fifths 0. Aggregates archives aggregate research international.
Determination of elongation index linkedin slideshare. Aggregate particles are classified as elongated when they have a length greatest dimension of more than 1. An aggregate is classified as being flaky if it has a thickness. Authors personal copy this kind of change blindness paradigm have been taken by some researchers to suggest that attention is needed for successful change detection, with change blindness occurring whenever the accompanying transient signals fail to draw attention to the location of the change simons and rensink, 2005. Roughtextured, angular, and elongated particles require more water to produce workable concrete than smooth, rounded compact aggregate. Text files and sometimes pdfs were saved for each bill, and the text files were edited to remove line breaks that did not represent paragraph breaks, line numbers, and nonascii characters. Combined effect of flaky and elongated aggregates on strength and workability of concrete has often been qualitatively expressed. N140la item unit specification test method basis weight jun. Objective particle shape and surface texture influence the properties of freshly mixed concrete more than the properties of hardened concrete. Aggregate is separated into seven sieve fractions from 636. Flakiness and elongation index of aggregate youtube. An exploratory assessment konstantina gkritzaa, debbie niemeierb, fred manneringa, aschool of civil engineering, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa bdepartment of civil and environmental engineering, university of california, one shields avenue, davis, ca 95616, usa.
Quantification of competitive balance in european football. B elongation index test 1 sample of aggregates were prepared. As a conclusion, the sample that we tested are flaky and elongation, which is there are not suitable to use in parameter design. Armentrout entitled an analysis of the behavior of steel liner anchorages. The elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight. Ultrasound fields in an attenuating medium jqrgen a. A screening method for determining free product mobility michael mark brady, p. Rosner department of chemical engineering, yale university, new haven, connecticut 065208286 received august 25, 1995.
Combined effect of flaky and elongated aggregates on. Nov 16, 2015 click on a datetime to view the file as it appeared at that time. He asks for an embargo on oil alone, despite the fact that the smith regime still profits from mineral exports. This test is not applicable to sizes smaller than 6.
Now, you need to find the amount of elongated particles to the aggregates which passed flakiness test. Southern a fri 1002 a monthly survey of news and opinion published monthly by the southern africa cnimittee, 10027 637. Gauge size mm weight of aggregate in each fraction. Flakiness and elongation flakiness index sieve set uta0410. The dimensions of slots of the apparatus used in your experiment and figured in your article is as follows. Elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles whose greatest. Index terms birefringence, measurement, optical fibers. Pdf determination of the flakiness and the elongation. When an aggregate particle has a thickness less than 0. When the coarse aggregate does fracture, the gradation will likely change which may be detrimental to the mix. The length gauge elongation index bs, is used to measure the elongation index of aggregates. Elongation index aggregate particles are classified as elongation when they have a length greatest dimension of more than 1. Globe 2005 soil particle density protocol 6 soil particle density protocol looking at the data are the data reasonable.
The aggregate to be classified is separated into seven sieve fractions from 6. Flakiness index and elongation index test on coarse aggregates. Optical fiber modal birefringence measurement based on lyot. Gilson hm926 length gauge measures the elongation index of aggregates for classification. An example of a clear deviation from nominal performance is the nongeophysical. Airport security screening and changing passenger satisfaction. Elongation value is 0% because the aggregate is rounded so no any retain value. Particle shape and surface texture influence the properties of freshly mixed concrete. Daily news on managerial, technical and specialist topics for the aggregates, sand, gravel, aggregate crushing, screening, manufactured sand, and mining industries in the united states, europe and worldwide.
Shape tests on coarse aggregates such as flakiness index and elongation index, its importance in concrete. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested. Determination of the flakiness and the elongation index for the given aggregate sample. The percentage of flaky and elongated particles that it contains. Preparation of test specimens and test procedure the concrete was batched in the laboratory using a pan mixer. What is the significance of flakiness index and elongation.
This standard specifies a method for determining the flakiness index of coarse aggregate that passes a sieve of aperture size 75 mm and that is retained on a sieve of aperture size 4 750 om. For determination of elongation index of coarse aggregate, where the size of the coarse aggregate are larger than 6. Test specimens in the experimental program, tests were carried out on eight concrete beams with nominal. I have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, with a major in civil engineering. Length gauge elongation index has six labeled openings between metal pins for measuring length of particles from each of the six sieve cuts below 50mm, for elongation index. An analysis of the behavior of steel liner anchorages. The particle shape of aggregate is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongated particles contained in it. Wireless sensing network management for landslide disaster. Neimark and aleksey vishnyakov center for modeling and characterization of nanoporous materials, triprinceton, 601 prospect avenue, princeton, new jersey 08542 received. Wireless sensing network management for landslide disaster monitoring s. The scope of this test is to provide test methods for determining the flakiness index of coarse aggregate. In case of gravel it is determined by its angularity number.
Corrosion behaviour of structural metals in respect to long. Haptic identification of stiffness and force magnitude. Wilsons action in asking for mandatory sanctions under chapter 7 of the u. Development of specially designed indices following the discussion of the previous section, the objective of this work is to provide a more systematic approach for the quantification of competitive balance specifically applied in the complex european football leagues. Flakiness and elongation index of aggregate gilson co. Haptic identification of stiffness and force magnitude steven a. Follow these steps to determine the flakiness index. Page 2 mark scheme syllabus paper cambridge international a level mayjune 2015 9691 33 cambridge international examinations 2015. This british standard, a part of the bs 812 series, describes the method for determining the elongation index of coarse aggregate. Performance of thermal conductivity probes hrvflhqwl. The flakiness index of course aggregate is defined in percentage by weight of aggregate particles and least dimension thickness of those particles should not be less than 0. What are the difference between tender and contract documents. The flakiness index test fi is not applicable passing 6.
The percentage by weight of the elongated particles present in a given test sample. Is the combined flakiness and elongation index of aggregate. Elongation index is the % by weight of particles whose greater dimension is greater than 45 of the mean dimension elongation index wt of aggregate retained on specified gauge total wt of aggregate taken. Not so much different between both of the two values. Gilson hm 926 length gauge measures the elongation index of aggregates for classification. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. For pavements either bituminous or nonbituminous, elongation index of coarse aggregate should not be more than 15%.